I-Artificial intelligence kulindeleke ukuthi ibe amandla okuguqula emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.Ngakho-ke odokotela neziguli bazuza kanjani kumthelela wamathuluzi aqhutshwa yi-AI?
Imboni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo yanamuhla ikhule kakhulu futhi ingenza izinguquko ezinkulu.Kusukela ezifweni ezingapheli kanye nomdlavuza kuya ku-radiology kanye nokuhlola ubungozi, imboni yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ibonakala inamathuba amaningi okusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze ikhiphe ukungenelela okunembe kakhudlwana, okuphumelelayo nokuphumelelayo ekunakekelweni kwesiguli.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, iziguli zinezidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zodokotela, futhi inani ledatha etholakalayo liyaqhubeka likhula ngezinga elishaqisayo.I-Artificial intelligence izoba injini yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlaziywa kwendabuko kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthatha izinqumo zomtholampilo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bunezinzuzo eziningi.Uma i-algorithm yokufunda isebenzisana nedatha yokuqeqeshwa, ingaba nembe kakhudlwana, ivumele odokotela ukuthi bathole imininingwane engakaze ibonwe ekuxilongweni, inqubo yobuhlengikazi, ukuhlukahluka kokwelashwa kanye nemiphumela yesiguli.
Esithangamini se-World intelligence innovation medical innovation (wmif) yango-2018, abacwaningi bezokwelapha kanye nochwepheshe bezokwelapha bachaza kabanzi ngobuchwepheshe nezinkambu zemboni yezokwelapha okungenzeka zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekwamukelweni kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kokulandelayo. ishumi leminyaka.
U-Anne kiblanksi, MD, usihlalo we-CO we-wmif ngo-2018, kanye no-Gregg Meyer, MD, isikhulu sezemfundo se-Partners Healthcare, bathi lolu hlobo "lokuvukela" olulethwa kuyo yonke indawo yezimboni lunamandla okuletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile ezigulini futhi lubanzi. ikhono lempumelelo yebhizinisi.
Ngosizo lochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwezempilo kozakwethu, okuhlanganisa uDkt. Keith Dreyer, uProfessor we-Harvard Medical School (HMS), isikhulu sesayensi yedatha yozakwethu, kanye noDkt. Katherine andreole, umqondisi wesu locwaningo nokusebenza eMassachusetts General Hospital (MGH) , iphakamise izindlela eziyi-12 i-AI ezoguqula ngazo izinsizakalo zezokwelapha nesayensi.
1. Hlanganisa ukucabanga nomshini ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi sekhompiyutha yobuchopho
Ukusebenzisa ikhompiyutha ukuxhumana akuwona umqondo omusha, kodwa ukudala ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kobuchwepheshe nokucabanga komuntu ngaphandle kwekhibhodi, igundane nokubonisa kuyinkambu yokucwaninga emngceleni, enesicelo esibalulekile kwezinye iziguli.
Izifo zesistimu yezinzwa nokuhlukumezeka kungenza ezinye iziguli zilahlekelwe ikhono lokuxoxa okunenjongo, ukunyakaza nokuxhumana nabanye kanye nendawo yabo.I-Brain computer interface (BCI) esekelwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ingabuyisela lokho okuhlangenwe nakho okuyisisekelo ezigulini ezikhathazekile ngokulahlekelwa yile misebenzi unomphela.
"Uma ngibona isiguli esikhungweni sokunakekelwa okujulile kwe-neurology esivele silahlekelwe amandla okwenza noma ukukhuluma, ngithemba ukubuyisela ikhono laso lokuxhumana ngosuku olulandelayo," kusho uLeigh Hochberg, MD, umqondisi wesikhungo se-neurotechnology and neurorehabilitation at. I-Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).Ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sekhompiyutha yobuchopho (BCI) kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, singakwazi ukwenza kusebenze imizwa ehlobene nokunyakaza kwesandla, futhi kufanele sikwazi ukwenza isiguli sixhumane nabanye okungenani izikhathi ezinhlanu phakathi nawo wonke umsebenzi, njengokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obutholakala yonke indawo. njengamakhompyutha wethebhulethi noma omakhalekhukhwini."
Ukuxhumana kwekhompyutha yobuchopho kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yeziguli ezine-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), i-stroke noma i-atresia syndrome, kanye neziguli ze-500000 ezinokulimala komgogodla emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke.
2.Thuthukisa isizukulwane esilandelayo samathuluzi emisebe
Izithombe zemisebe ezitholwe nge-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), izikena ze-CT, nama-X-ray zinikeza ukubonakala okungahlaseli ngaphakathi emzimbeni womuntu.Kodwa-ke, izinqubo eziningi zokuxilonga zisathembele kumasampula ezicubu zomzimba atholwe yi-biopsy, enengozi yokutheleleka.
Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi kwezinye izimo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buzokwenza ukuthi isizukulwane esilandelayo samathuluzi e-Radiology anembile futhi anemininingwane eyanele ukuze athathe indawo yesidingo samasampula ezicubu eziphilayo.
U-Alexandra golby, MD, umqondisi we-neurosurgery eqondiswa izithombe esibhedlela i-Brigham Women's Hospital (BWh), uthe, "sifuna ukuhlanganisa ithimba lokuxilonga kanye nodokotela abahlinzayo noma ama-radiologists angenele kanye nama-pathologists, kodwa kuyinselelo enkulu emaqenjini ahlukene ukuzuza ukubambisana. kanye nokuvumelana kwemigomo. Uma sifuna i-radiology inikeze ulwazi olutholakalayo njengamanje oluvela kumasampula ezicubu, kuzodingeka sikwazi ukuzuza izindinganiso ezisondelene kakhulu ukuze sazi amaqiniso ayisisekelo anoma iyiphi iphikseli. "
Impumelelo kule nqubo ingase yenze odokotela baqonde ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukusebenza okuphelele kwesimila, kunokuba benze izinqumo zokwelashwa ngokusekelwe engxenyeni encane yezimfanelo zesimila esiyingozi.
I-AI ingabuye ikuchaze kangcono ukuhlasela komdlavuza, futhi inqume ngokufanele kakhulu okuhloswe ukwelashwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa busiza ekuboneni "i-virtual biopsy" futhi kukhuthaze ukuqanjwa kabusha emkhakheni we-Radiology, ozibophezele ekusebenziseni ama-algorithms asuselwa ezithombeni ukukhombisa izici ze-phenotypic kanye nezakhi zofuzo zamathumba.
3.Nweba izinsiza zezokwelapha ezindaweni ezinganakiwe noma ezisathuthuka
Ukuntuleka kwabahlinzeki bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe emazweni asathuthuka, okuhlanganisa ochwepheshe be-ultrasound kanye nama-radiologists, kuzonciphisa kakhulu amathuba okusebenzisa izinsizakalo zezokwelapha ukuze kusindiswe ukuphila kweziguli.
Umhlangano uveze ukuthi baningi odokotela bemisebe abasebenza ezibhedlela eziyisithupha eBoston neLongwood Avenue edume kakhulu kunakuzo zonke izibhedlela zaseNtshonalanga Afrika.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bungasiza ekwehliseni umthelela wokushoda okukhulu kodokotela ngokuthatha eminye yezibopho zokuxilonga ngokuvamile ezinikezwa abantu.
Isibonelo, ithuluzi lokucabanga le-AI lingasebenzisa i-X-ray yesifuba ukuhlola izimpawu zesifo sofuba, ngokuvamile ngokunemba okufanayo nodokotela.Lesi sici singasatshalaliswa ngohlelo lokusebenza lwabahlinzeki abasezindaweni ezintula izinsiza, kuncishiswe isidingo sama-radiologists anolwazi.
"Lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo," kusho uDkt. jayashree kalpathy Cramer, umsizi wesayensi yezinzwa kanye noprofesa ohlangene weRadiology eMassachusetts General Hospital (MGH)
Kodwa-ke, abathuthukisi be-algorithm ye-AI kufanele bacabangele ngokucophelela iqiniso lokuthi abantu bezizwe noma izifunda ezahlukene bangase babe nezici eziyingqayizivele zomzimba nezemvelo, ezingathinta ukusebenza kwesifo.
“Ngokwesibonelo, inani labantu abahlaselwe yizifo eNdiya lingase lihluke kakhulu kwelase-United States,” kusho yena.Uma sithuthukisa lawa ma-algorithms, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha imele ukwethulwa kwesifo kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwesibalo sabantu.Asikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ama-algorithms asuselwa kusibalo sabantu esisodwa, kodwa futhi sethemba ukuthi singadlala indima kwezinye imiphakathi."
4.Yehlisa umthwalo wokusetshenziswa kwamarekhodi ezempilo kagesi
Irekhodi lezempilo lika-elekthronikhi (lakhe) lidlale indima ebalulekile ohambweni lwedijithali lwemboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, kodwa lolu shintsho lulethe izinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nokugcwala kwengqondo, imibhalo engapheli kanye nokukhathala komsebenzisi.
Abathuthukisi berekhodi lezempilo lika-elekthronikhi manje basebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze bakhe isixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile futhi benze izindlela ezizenzakalelayo ezithatha isikhathi esiningi somsebenzisi.
UDkt. Adam Landman, iphini likamongameli kanye nesikhulu solwazi sezempilo saseBrigham, uthe abasebenzisi bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi benza imisebenzi emithathu: imibhalo yomtholampilo, ukufakwa kwe-oda, nokuhlunga amabhokisi abo okungenayo.Ukuqashelwa kwenkulumo nokubizela kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukucutshungulwa kwamadokhumenti omtholampilo, kodwa amathuluzi okucubungula ulimi lwemvelo (NLP) angase anganeli.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi kungase kudingeke ukuthi sibe nesibindi futhi sicubungule izinguquko ezithile, njengokusebenzisa ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo ukuze kulashwe, njengamaphoyisa agqoka amakhamera,” kusho uLandman.Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini kungase kusetshenziselwe ukukhomba lawa mavidiyo ukuze abuyiswe esikhathini esizayo.NjengoSiri no-Alexa, abasebenzisa abasizi bobuhlakani bokwenziwa ekhaya, abasizi bangempela bazolethwa eduze kombhede weziguli ngokuzayo, okuvumela odokotela ukuthi basebenzise ubuhlakani obushunyekiwe ukufaka imiyalo yezokwelapha."
I-AI ingasiza futhi ukuphatha izicelo ezijwayelekile ezivela emabhokisini okungenayo, njengezithasiselo zezidakamizwa kanye nesaziso semiphumela.Kungase futhi kusize ukubeka phambili imisebenzi edinga ngempela ukunakwa odokotela, okwenza kube lula ngeziguli ukucubungula uhlu lwazo lwezinto ezizokwenziwa, kwengeza u-Landman.
5.Ingozi yokumelana nama-antibiotic
Ukumelana nama-antibiotic kuwusongo olukhulayo kubantu, ngoba ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwalezi zidakamizwa ezibalulekile kungaholela ekuguqukeni kwama-superbacteria angasaphenduli ekwelashweni.Amagciwane amaningi amelana nezidakamizwa angase abangele umonakalo omkhulu endaweni yasesibhedlela, abulale amashumi ezinkulungwane zeziguli minyaka yonke.I-Clostridium difficile iyodwa ibiza cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 ngonyaka ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo e-US futhi ibangele ukufa okungaphezu kuka-30000.
Idatha ye-EHR isiza ukukhomba amaphethini okutheleleka futhi igqamise ubungozi ngaphambi kokuba isiguli siqale ukukhombisa izimpawu.Ukusebenzisa ukufunda komshini namathuluzi obuhlakani bokwenziwa ukushayela lezi zibalo kungathuthukisa ukunemba kwazo futhi kudale izexwayiso ezisheshayo nezinembe kakhulu kubahlinzeki bezempilo.
"Amathuluzi obuhlakani bokwenziwa angahlangabezana nokulindelwe ekulawuleni ukutheleleka kanye nokumelana nama-antibiotic," kusho uDkt. Erica Shenoy, isekela lomqondisi wokulawula ukutheleleka eMassachusetts General Hospital (MGH).Uma bengakwenzi, khona-ke wonke umuntu uzohluleka.Ngenxa yokuthi izibhedlela zinedatha eminingi ye-EHR, uma zingayisebenzisi ngokugcwele, uma zingadali izimboni ezihlakaniphile nezisheshayo ekwakhiweni kwesilingo somtholampilo, futhi uma zingawasebenzisi ama-EHR adala le datha, bazobhekana nokwehluleka."
6.Dala ukuhlaziya okunembe kakhudlwana kwezithombe ze-pathological
UDkt. Jeffrey golden, inhloko yomnyango we-pathology e-Brigham Women's Hospital (BWh) kanye noprofesa we-pathology e-HMS, uthe ama-pathologists ahlinzeka ngemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yedatha yokuxilonga ukuze uthole uhla olugcwele lwabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo zezokwelapha.
"U-70% wezinqumo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zisekelwe emiphumeleni ye-pathological, futhi phakathi kuka-70% no-75% wayo yonke idatha kuma-EHRs ivela emiphumeleni ye-pathological," esho.Futhi uma imiphumela inembe kakhudlwana, kulapho ukuxilongwa okufanele kuzokwenziwa khona.Lona umgomo i-digital pathology kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kube nethuba lokuwufinyelela."
Ukuhlaziywa kweleveli yephikseli ejulile ezithombeni ezinkulu zedijithali kwenza odokotela babone umehluko ocashile ongase ubaleke emehlweni abantu.
“Manje sesifike eqophelweni lapho sesingakwazi ukuhlola kangcono ukuthi umdlavuza uzokhula ngokushesha noma kancane, nokuthi singakushintsha kanjani ukwelashwa kweziguli ngokusekelwe ku-algorithms kunezigaba zomtholampilo noma izinga le-histopathological,” kusho uGolden.Kuzoba yigxathu elikhulu eliya phambili."
Wanezela, "I-AI ingase futhi ithuthukise ukukhiqiza ngokuhlonza izici zesithakazelo kumaslayidi ngaphambi kokuba odokotela babuyekeze idatha. I-AI ingahlunga ngamaslayidi futhi isiqondise ukuze sibone okuqukethwe okulungile ukuze sikwazi ukuhlola ukuthi yini ebalulekile nengabalulekile. Lokhu kuyathuthukisa. ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwama-pathologists futhi kukhulisa inani lokutadisha kwabo icala ngalinye. "
Letha ubuhlakani emishinini yezokwelapha nasemishinini
Amadivayisi ahlakaniphile athatha indawo yabathengi futhi ahlinzeka ngamadivayisi kusukela kuvidiyo yesikhathi sangempela ngaphakathi kwesiqandisi kuya ezimotweni ezithola ukuphazamiseka komshayeli.
Endaweni yezokwelapha, amathuluzi ahlakaniphile abalulekile ekuqapheni iziguli kuma-ICU nakwezinye izindawo.Ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuhlonza ukuwohloka kwesimo, njengokukhombisa ukuthi i-sepsis iyakhula, noma umbono wezinkinga ungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela futhi unganciphisa izindleko zokwelashwa.
"Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlanganisa imininingwane ehlukene ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, sidinga ukuhlanganisa futhi sazise odokotela be-ICU ukuthi bangenelele kusenesikhathi, nokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwale datha akuyona into enhle odokotela abangabantu abangayenza," kusho umaka Michalski. , umqondisi omkhulu wesikhungo sesayensi yedatha yomtholampilo kwa-BWh.Ukufaka ama-algorithms ahlakaniphile kulawa madivayisi kunciphisa umthwalo wengqondo kodokotela futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli ziphathwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka."
8.ukukhuthaza i-immunotherapy yokwelashwa komdlavuza
I-Immunotherapy ingenye yezindlela ezithembisayo zokwelapha umdlavuza.Ngokusebenzisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni ukuze sihlasele izimila eziyingozi, iziguli zingase zikwazi ukunqoba izimila ezinenkani.Kodwa-ke, iziguli ezimbalwa kuphela ezisabela ohlelweni lwamanje lwe-immunotherapy, futhi izazi ze-oncologists namanje azikabi nayo indlela enembile nethembekile yokunquma ukuthi yiziphi iziguli ezizohlomula ohlelweni.
Ama-algorithms okufunda komshini kanye nekhono lawo lokuhlanganisa amasethi edatha ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu angakwazi ukucacisa ukwakheka kofuzo oluhlukile lwabantu futhi anikeze izinketho ezintsha zokwelapha okuhlosiwe.
"Muva nje, intuthuko ejabulisa kakhulu iye yaba ama-checkpoint inhibitors, avimbela amaprotheni akhiqizwa amangqamuzana athile omzimba," kuchaza uDkt. Long Le, umqondisi we-computational pathology kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe esikhungweni sokuxilonga esibanzi saseMassachusetts General Hospital (MGH).Kodwa namanje asikaziqondi zonke izinkinga, okuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Ngokuqinisekile sidinga idatha yesiguli eyengeziwe.Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zintsha, ngakho-ke azikho iziguli eziningi ezizisebenzisayo ngempela.Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sidinga ukuhlanganisa idatha ngaphakathi kwenhlangano noma kuzo zonke izinhlangano eziningi, kuyoba isici esibalulekile ekwandiseni inani leziguli ukushayela inqubo yokumodela."
9.Vula amarekhodi ezempilo kagesi abe izibikezelo ezithembekile zengozi
Irekhodi lezempilo lika-elekthronikhi (lakhe) liyingcebo yedatha yesiguli, kodwa kuyinselele eqhubekayo kubahlinzeki nabathuthukisi ukukhipha nokuhlaziya inani elikhulu lolwazi ngendlela enembile, efika ngesikhathi nethembekile.
Izinkinga zekhwalithi nobuqotho bedatha, kuhambisana nokudideka kwefomethi yedatha, okokufaka okuhlelekile nokungahlelekile kanye namarekhodi angaphelele, kwenza kube nzima ngabantu ukuqonda ngokunembile ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwengozi okunengqondo, ukuhlaziya okubikezelwayo nokusekelwa kwezinqumo zomtholampilo.
UDkt. Ziad OBERMEYER, uprofesa osizayo wezokwelapha eziphuthumayo e-Brigham Women's Hospital (BWh) kanye noprofesa osizayo e-Harvard Medical School (HMS), uthe, "kunomsebenzi onzima okufanele wenziwe ukuhlanganisa idatha endaweni eyodwa. Kodwa enye inkinga ukuqonda lokho abantu abakutholayo lapho bebikezela isifo kurekhodi lezempilo lika-elekthronikhi (wakhe). Abantu bangase bezwe ukuthi izindlela zokuhlakanipha zokwenziwa zingabikezela ukucindezeleka noma isifo sohlangothi, kodwa bathole ukuthi empeleni babikezela ukwenyuka kwezindleko ze-stroke. Kuhluke kakhulu kulokho ukuzishaya.”
Waqhubeka, "ukuthembela emiphumeleni ye-MRI kubonakala kunikeza isethi yedatha eqondile. Kodwa manje kufanele sicabange ukuthi ubani ongakwazi ukukhokhela i-MRI? Ngakho ukubikezela kokugcina akuwona umphumela olindelekile. "
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-NMR kukhiqize amathuluzi amaningi ayimpumelelo wokufaka amaphuzu engozini kanye ne-stratification, ikakhulukazi lapho abacwaningi besebenzisa amasu okufunda ajulile ukuze bakhombe ukuxhumana okusha phakathi kwamasethi edatha abonakala engahlobene.
Kodwa-ke, u-OBERMEYER ukholelwa ukuthi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lawa ma-algorithms awabonisi ukuchema okufihlwe kudatha kubalulekile ekukhipheni amathuluzi angathuthukisa ngempela ukunakekelwa komtholampilo.
“Inselelo enkulu wukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi sazi kahle kahle esikubikezele ngaphambi kokuthi sivule i-black box sibheke ukuthi siqagula kanjani,” usho kanje.
10.Ukuqapha isimo sezempilo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezigqokekayo kanye nemishini yomuntu siqu
Cishe bonke abathengi manje bangasebenzisa izinzwa ukuze baqoqe idatha mayelana nenani lezempilo.Kusukela kuma-smartphone ane-step tracker kuya kumadivayisi agqokekayo alandelela ukushaya kwenhliziyo usuku lonke, idatha eyengeziwe ehlobene nempilo ingakhiqizwa noma kunini.
Ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya le datha nokwengeza ulwazi olunikezwa iziguli ngezinhlelo zokusebenza namanye amadivaysi okuqapha ekhaya kunganikeza umbono oyingqayizivele wempilo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nesixuku.
I-AI izodlala indima ebalulekile ekukhipheni imininingwane engenzeka kulesi sizindalwazi esikhulu nesihlukahlukene.
Kodwa uDkt. Omar arnout, udokotela ohlinzayo e-Brigham Women's Hospital (BWh), umqondisi we-CO wesikhungo semiphumela ye-computational neuroscience, uthe kungase kuthathe umsebenzi owengeziwe ukusiza iziguli zizivumelanise nale datha yokuqapha eseduze, eqhubekayo.
"Besikhululekile ukucubungula idatha yedijithali," esho.Kepha njengoba ukuvuza kwedatha kwenzeka ezihlalweni ze-Cambridge naku-Facebook, abantu bazoqaphela ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ubani ozokwabelana ngedatha ababelana ngayo."
Iziguli zivame ukuthembela odokotela bazo ngaphezu kwezinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Facebook, wengeza, ezingasiza ekudambiseni ukungakhululeki kokuhlinzeka ngedatha yezinhlelo ezinkulu zocwaningo.
"Kungenzeka ukuthi idatha egqokekayo izoba nomthelela omkhulu ngoba ukunaka kwabantu kwenzeka ngephutha futhi imininingwane eqoqwe inzima kakhulu," kusho u-arnout.Ngokuqhubeka nokuqoqa idatha ye-granular, idatha cishe ingasiza odokotela ukuthi banakekele kangcono iziguli."
11.yenza amafoni ahlakaniphile abe ithuluzi elinamandla lokuxilonga
Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izithombe ezitholwe kumafoni ahlakaniphile nezinye izinsiza zeleveli yabathengi zizoba isengezo esibalulekile ekufanekisweni kwekhwalithi yomtholampilo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle noma emazweni asathuthuka, ngokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa imisebenzi enamandla yamadivayisi aphathwayo.
Ikhwalithi yekhamera yeselula iyathuthuka minyaka yonke, futhi ingakhiqiza izithombe ezingasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya i-AI algorithm.I-Dermatology ne-Ophthalmology yizo ezihlomule ekuqaleni kwalo mkhuba.
Abacwaningi baseBrithani baze basungula ithuluzi lokuhlonza izifo ezikhula ngokuhlaziya izithombe zobuso bezingane.I-algorithm ingathola izici ezihlukene, ezifana nomugqa we-mandible wezingane, indawo yamehlo nekhala, nezinye izici ezingase zibonise ukungahambi kahle kobuso.Njengamanje, ithuluzi lingakwazi ukufanisa izithombe ezivamile ezinezifo ezingaphezu kuka-90 ukunikeza ukwesekwa kwezinqumo zomtholampilo.
UDkt Hadi shafiee, umqondisi we-micro/nano medicine kanye ne-digital health laboratory e-Brigham Women's Hospital (BWh), uthe: "iningi labantu lihlonyiswe ngomakhalekhukhwini abanamandla anamasensa amaningi ahlukene awakhelwe ngaphakathi. Kuyithuba elihle kithina. Cishe bonke abantu abadlali bemboni sebeqalile ukwakha isofthiwe ye-Ai kanye nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha emishinini yabo. Akukona nje ukuqondana. Ezweni lethu ledijithali, kukhiqizwa idatha engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-2.5 zamaterabhayithi nsuku zonke. Emkhakheni womakhalekhukhwini, abakhiqizi bakholelwa ukuthi bangasebenzisa lokhu idatha yobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezinsizakalo zomuntu siqu, ezisheshayo nezihlakaniphe kakhulu. "
Ukusebenzisa amafoni ahlakaniphile ukuqoqa izithombe zamehlo eziguli, izilonda esikhumbeni, izilonda, izifo, izidakamizwa noma ezinye izifundo kungase kusize ukubhekana nokushoda kochwepheshe ezindaweni ezinganakekelwa kahle, kuyilapho kunciphisa isikhathi sokuxilonga izikhalazo ezithile.
“Kungase kube nemicimbi emikhulu ngokuzayo, futhi singasebenzisa leli thuba ukuxazulula izinkinga ezibalulekile zokulawulwa kwezifo endaweni yokunakekela,” kusho u-shafiee.
12.Ukusungula izinqumo zomtholampilo nge-AI eseceleni kombhede
Njengoba imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo iphendukela ezinsizeni ezisekelwe ezinkokhelweni, iya ngokuya iqhelelana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungenzi lutho.Ukuvimbela ngaphambi kokugula okungapheli, izenzakalo zezifo ezinzima kanye nokuwohloka okungazelelwe kuwumgomo womhlinzeki ngamunye, futhi isakhiwo sokunxeshezelwa ekugcineni sibavumela ukuba bathuthukise izinqubo ezingafinyelela ukungenelela okusebenzayo nokubikezela.
Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buzohlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe obuningi obuyisisekelo balokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngokusekela ukuhlaziywa kokubikezela kanye namathuluzi okusekela izinqumo zomtholampilo, ukuxazulula izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba abahlinzeki babone isidingo sokuthatha isinyathelo.Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bunganikeza isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sesifo sokuwa noma sepsis, ngokuvamile esidinga ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwamasethi edatha ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
UBrandon Westover, MD, umqondisi wedatha yomtholampilo eMassachusetts General Hospital (MGH), uthe ukufunda ngomshini kungasiza futhi ukusekela ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kokunakekelwa kweziguli ezigula kakhulu, njengalezo ezikwi-coma ngemuva kokuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
Wachaza ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, odokotela kufanele bahlole idatha ye-EEG yalezi ziguli.Le nqubo idla isikhathi futhi izimele, futhi imiphumela ingase ihluke ngamakhono nolwazi lwabahlengikazi.
Uthe “Kulezi ziguli, umkhuba ungase uhambe kancane.Kwesinye isikhathi uma odokotela befuna ukubona ukuthi umuntu uyalulama yini, bangabheka idatha eqashwe kanye njalo ngemizuzwana eyi-10.Kodwa-ke, ukubona ukuthi ishintshile yini kusuka kumasekhondi angu-10 wedatha eqoqwe emahoreni angu-24 kufana nokubheka ukuthi izinwele sezikhulile yini okwamanje.Kodwa-ke, uma kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nenani elikhulu ledatha evela ezigulini eziningi, kuzoba lula ukufanisa lokho abantu abakubonayo namaphethini esikhathi eside, futhi kungahle kutholakale ukuthuthukiswa okucashile, okuzothinta izinqumo zodokotela kwezobuhlengikazi. ."
Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze kusekelwe izinqumo zomtholampilo, ukuthola amaphuzu engozini kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi kungenye yezindawo ezithembisayo kakhulu zentuthuko yale ndlela yokuhlaziya idatha eyinguquko.
Ngokunikeza amandla esizukulwane esisha samathuluzi nezinhlelo, odokotela bangakwazi ukuqonda kangcono ama-nuances okugula, banikeze izinsizakalo zobuhlengikazi ngokuphumelelayo, futhi baxazulule izinkinga kusengaphambili.Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buzongenisa inkathi entsha yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokwelashwa komtholampilo, futhi benze impumelelo ejabulisayo ekunakekelweni kwesiguli.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-06-2021
